CFTR and autosomal recessive disease: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common lethal monogenic autosomal recessive disease among the Caucasian population, and it is caused by dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) glycoprotein, which normally functions as a chloride/bicarbonate channel at the apical membrane of epithelia [53,54,55].