In summary, the Prdx5 is upregulated in different cancers, except for adrenocortical carcinoma, but which factors are controlling the upregulation of Prdx5, the pathways associated with Prdx5 upregulation and cancer cell survival are lacking and need further investigation to demonstrate the exact mechanism of action of Prdx5 in different cancers and to develop strategies for effective drug designing. This evidence concerns the gene PRDX5 and cancer.