In microenvironmental stress conditions, such as hypoxia, E-twenty-six transcription factor 1 and 2 (Ets1/2), and high-mobility-group protein B1 (HMGB1), mediate the upregulation Prdx5 in cancer cells, particularly in human prostate and epidermoid cancer cells exposed to H2O2 or hypoxia [176]. Here, PRDX5 is linked to cancer.