In the multivariate analysis adjusted by age, stunting or risk to stunting versus normal height for age, high versus normal CRP, high versus normal α1-glycoprotein, sex, and overweight/obesity versus normal body mass index, an interaction by hepcidin levels was identified in the association between H. pylori infection and iron deficiency. Here, HAMP is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.