Most studies agree that increased Treg infiltration (specifically defined Treg subpopulations expressing various activation markers such as CTLA4, PD-1 or Helios) or increased infiltration of CD4 or CD8 T cells expressing PD-1 is a negative prognostic marker [40,41] in HNSCC, while the presence of memory CD103+ T cells or Tbet+ Tregs correlate with a better prognosis [42,43]. Here, ITGAE is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.