EN2 and neoplasm: Therefore, based on the information mentioned above, the objectives of this study were: (1) To analyze the utility of EN2 as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker by measuring its expression and secretion levels in different, independent cohorts of samples from PCa patients and controls (prostate tissues and urine); and (2) to investigate the oncogenic role of EN2 and its underlying molecular mechanisms as well as its putative value as a therapeutic target in PCa by using different prostate cell lines (normal (RWPE-1) and tumor (LNCaP, 22Rv1 and PC3) cells) and diverse experimental approaches.