TAAs comprise a range of self-derived proteins, such as a-fetoprotein (AFP), glypican-3 (GPC-3), New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1) or the melanoma-associated gene-A (MAGE-A) that can become immunogenic in HCC either by mutation or aberrant expression. The gene discussed is GPC3; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.