This study identifies two novel pathways that can mediate inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages: the release of the ECM protein TN-C in response to RV infection (which is elevated in PBECs from people from asthma), and the generation and release of sEVs in response to TLR3 stimulation by poly(I:C). Here, TLR3 is linked to asthma.