In acute CD, a pro inflammatory cytokine production pattern was detected, with superior production of TNF and IFN-γ in mice infected with Colombian (TNF 64.5 ± 78.9 pg./ml, IFN 36.9 ± 3.0 pg./ml) and CL Brener (TNF 45.5 ± 50.4 pg./ml, IFN 47.5 ± 13.4 pg./ml) strains (Supplementary Table S4). Here, TNF is linked to Cowden disease.