When TRPV1 is phosphorylated after ligand binding, the channel is opened, and cations (mainly Na+ and Ca2+) enter the intracellular space, mediating colonic smooth muscle contraction and promoting the release of neuropeptides and excitatory amino acids such as SP, CGRP, and other gastrointestinal peptides, which ultimately leads to increased visceral sensitivity and gastrointestinal dysfunction, resulting in IBS-related symptoms (Akbar et al., 2010). Here, TRPV1 is linked to irritable bowel syndrome.