Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PPARGC1A; PGC-1α) is a transcriptional co-regulator, and its polymorphisms are proposed as obesity metabolic regulators and to be involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition [30, 31]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.