Similar to the finding of PDX1 reactivity in the nuclei in a proportion of the alpha cells reported herein, a recent publication on impaired alpha cell function in T1D showed that most alpha cells in donors with T1D do not express the alpha cell transcription factors MAFB and ARX, but low levels of NKX6.1 28. The gene discussed is PDX1; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.