GPR151 and Obesity: To assess the effect of the PTVs on BMI, a commonly-used measure of obesity, we performed univariate linear regression analysis with age, sex, and the first four genetic PCs as covariates and found that heterozygous and carriers of GPR151 PTVs showed 0.324 kg m−2 lower BMI than the average UK Biobank participant (p = 4.13 × 10−7).