TGFB1 and cutaneous leishmaniasis: Although production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), is important for Leishmania killing, an overproduction of these proinflammatory cytokines as well as a decreased ability of IL-10 and TGF-β to modulate this response may lead to severe tissue damage that have been seen in mucosal leishmaniasis patients compared to patients with classical cutaneous leishmaniasis.