Further, Pique et al. [91] have isolated CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) that specifically target the ORF-II p30II and p13II peptides from HTLV-1-infected carriers, HAM/TSP and ATLL patients, suggesting these proteins are chronically expressed and could contribute to the establishment of persistent infections in vivo as well as viral pathogenesis. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.