NOX4 and diabetes mellitus: To investigate whether abolishing GLUT activation in LECs decreases RAGE-induced NADPH oxidase levels in the rats with fructose-induced DM, we examined the activity and expression of GLUT1/5, RAGE, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced form oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NADPH oxidase subunits when both fructose and dapagliflozin were administered.