In another meta-analysis published in 2018, it was observed that for NSCLC patients, anti-PD1 inhibitors significantly improved the progression-free survival (PFS) in male patients when compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68–0.86); in contrast, women showed no benefit in 5/5 randomized trials (HR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.89–1.20). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.