A decrease in serum hepcidin levels has been reported after an H. pylori eradication therapy, in two studies [43,44], however one of them concluded that the decrease is more related to anemia status than to H. pylori infection as a decrease of hepcidin was also reported in the group receiving iron supplement only without H. pylori eradication therapy [44]. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and anemia (phenotype).