Compared with T2DM patients with a UCPCR > 0.20 nmol/mmol, those with UCPCR ≤ 0.20 nmol/mmol had a lower BMI (22.8 (21.2–25.4) kg/m2 vs. 25.2 (23.5–28.0) kg/m2, P = 0.006), FCP (0.39 (0.26–0.61) nmol/L vs. 0.66 (0.47–0.96) nmol/L, P < 0.001), PCP (0.93 (0.58–1.23) nmol/L vs. 1.55 (0.97–2.13) nmol/L, P < 0.001), and UA (308 (235–370) μmol/L vs. 372 (302–436) μmol/L, P = 0.011) and a higher proportion of insulin or secretagogue therapy (23/25 (92.0%) vs. 66/111 (59.5%), P = 0.002). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.