Activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway can enhance invasion and metastasis ability and reduce apoptosis of LSCC [47].In addition, Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB), Carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) and CD317 are also popular therapeutic targets for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [48–50]. Here, CBR1 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.