ITGAE and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In humans, increased CD8+ T cells infiltrating the tumor stroma of NSCLC are a positive prognostic marker, correlating to reduced metastatic risk.17 More recently, resident memory CD8 T‐cell (CD103+) frequency in early‐stage NSCLC correlated with improved prognosis, putatively due to their greater capacity to produce IFNγ than other TIL subsets.26, 27 Accordingly, current immunotherapy strategies are focused on increasing the induction of tumor‐specific effector CD8+ T cells, namely immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICPB), ACT and antitumor vaccination.5