CTLA4 and cancer: Within the last decade, significant advances have been made in lung cancer immunotherapy, with immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICPB) targeting CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 representing the most widely studied immunotherapies at present.2 The early success of anti‐CTLA‐4 (aCTLA‐4) and anti‐PD‐1 (aPD‐1) treatment drove further research efforts to exploit the immune cell response in cancer therapy, which has led to the clinical integration of other immunotherapies, such as adoptive cell therapy and neoantigen vaccination.