Despite this, emerging evidence has suggested that in lung cancer, these CD4+ T cells are prognostically significant, with increased tumor‐infiltrating CD4+ T cells correlated to improved survival.17 Importantly, CD4+ T cells are considered central to licensing DCs through CD40L signalling, enabling CD8+ T‐cell cross‐priming and stimulating CD8+ T‐cell memory development.19 Furthermore, recent research has demonstrated CD4+ T cells to be important in instigating recognition of neoantigens and driver mutations in human NSCLC tumors, with endogenous responses demonstrated in patients.23 This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and lung carcinoma.