Nrf2 expression is orchestrated and amplified by the coexpression of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes as shown, for example, in the primary monocytes from HD patients, in which the repressed expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was observed (Figure 1(a)). Here, TNF is linked to Huntington disease.