Other studies have hypothesized that the targeting of adhesion molecules overexpressed by AML cells (e.g., CXCR4, very late antigen 4 (VLA4, also known as α4β1 integrin), CD44, E-selectin, and CD98) together with the exploitation of the aforementioned competition between normal and leukemic stem cells for the same BM niches might be an effective therapeutic strategy in patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) at the time of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Here, CXCR4 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.