GPC4 and neoplasm: Analysis about TCGA database revealed no significant difference of GPC4 mRNA expression between tumors and their normal counterparts (Supplementary Fig. 4c), but our IHC results of 10 randomly selected transition zones from CRC patients revealed that the protein level of GPC4 was significantly upregulated in tumor locations as compared with their adjacent normal mucosa (Supplementary Fig. 4d).