Regarding S1PR-3 expression in mouse lung tissues with malaria-associated ALI/ARDS, there were a significant negative correlation between S1P levels in lung tissues and the total score of S1PR-3 expression in endothelial cells (Spearman’s rank correlation, rs = -0.942; p < 0.001) (Fig 7A) and in alveolar epithelial cells (Spearman’s rank correlation, rs = -0.888; p = 0.001) (Fig 7C). Here, S1PR3 is linked to malaria.