GLI1 and bone neoplasm: Cartilage/bone tumors often show activated Hh signaling, resulted either from mutations in EXT1/2, PTH1R, or SMO or from elevated expression of hedgehog ligands or Gli proteins (Amary et al., 2011; Hopyan et al., 2002; Pansuriya et al., 2011; Tarpey et al., 2013; Tiet et al., 2006).