CCL2 and infection: The detected cytokines are involved in early innate responses and include granulocyte chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) (Figures 3A–C), as well as the pro-inflammatory cytokine vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) (Figure 3D), the T-cell-associated cytokine RANTES (Figure 3E), and the receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) which is crucial for modulation of inflammation during infections (Figure 3F).