VEGFA and brain ischemia: Recent studies have indicated the non-classical activities of fucoidan, including the inhibition of VEGF secretion under oxidative stress conditions in ocular cells, alleviation of metabolic syndrome, protection of the gastrointestinal tract, regulation of angiogenesis, contribution to bone growth and health, and prevention of hippocampal neuronal cell death from cerebral ischemia [25,26,27,28].