The compiled data demonstrated that except for the RET/PTC3 in tumors developing within the first decade after the Chernobyl accident, the frequency of rearrangements, in particular that of the RET/PTC1 rearrangement, was comparable between childhood thyroid cancers after the Chernobyl accident and those occurring irrespectively of the radiation exposure (Table 2) [42,60,61,62,63]. This evidence concerns the gene RET and thyroid cancer.