STAT3 signaling within the tumor microenvironment induces the production of IL-23, a procarcinogenic cytokine, via direct transcriptional activation of the IL-23/p19 gene in TAMs, while inhibiting the production of IL-12, a central anticarcinogenic cytokine, thereby shifting the balance of tumor immunity towards carcinogenesis [44]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is neoplasm.