Further studies about HN and the interferon response revealed the following: (i) Transfected HN but not F could induce IFN-α and TRAIL in human blood mononuclear cells [89], (ii) this response was mediated via HN lectin–cell interaction [90], (iii) there exist two ways to induce innate immune responses in human PBMCs: paracrine stimulation of IFN-α responses by viral protein (HN) or viral RNA [91], (iv) the HN gene was found to be a powerful molecular adjuvant for DNA anti-tumor vaccination [92]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is neoplasm.