TSPO and multiple sclerosis: Macrophages (Zavala, Haumont, & Lenfant, 1984), microglia (Vivash & O'Brien, 2016), and astrocytes (Lavisse et al., 2012) have all been shown to express TSPO at a low level under normal conditions, but increase this expression in neurological disease, including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, HIV encephalitis, and cancer (Cosenza‐Nashat et al., 2009; Lavisse et al., 2012; O'Brien et al., 2014)