RAF1 and cancer: Moreover, activation of several FGF downstream signaling pathways was also observed including cancer related pathways (RAS-MAPK, PIK3-AKT, and STAT) with a significant upregulation of several key molecules in these pathways (e.g., BIRC5, RAF1, MYCN, IGF2, SNAI2, POSTN) (Fig. 2d and Table S2).