PDCD1 and urothelial carcinoma: Anti-programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1; durvalumab, atezolizumab, and avelumab) and anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1; nivolumab and pembrolizumab) antibodies have shown promising clinical activity in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) [1–12].