Aberrant increase in HOTAIR expression is positively correlated with growth, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and poor prognosis; all of which are mediated by regulation of several downstream targets through multiple signalling pathways.40, 41, 42 Our results confirmed that HOTAIR is an important target gene of SM in lung cancer cells and that inhibition of HOTAIR by SM is involved in the inhibition of NSCLC cell growth. The gene discussed is HOTAIR; the disease is lung carcinoma.