Again, analysis of adiponectin-deficient mice (19–21) and adiponectin transgenic mice (22, 23) has revealed the long-term action of adiponectin in vivo, where insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were shown to be present in the former, while insulin resistance and diabetes were shown to be improved in the latter. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and diabetes mellitus.