PLK3 and prostate carcinoma: Despite the fact that PLK3 overexpression is correlated with unfavorable outcomes in ovarian, breast, and prostate carcinomas (16–18), increased expression of PLK3 is associated with improved outcomes in hepatocellular cancer, lung cancer and human papilloma virus (HPV) associated lesions including head-and-neck as well as anal carcinoma (19–22).