For example, it has been observed that SOCS3 is significantly upregulated by infections with IAV (24, 25), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (26), SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (26), Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) (27), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (28). This evidence concerns the gene SOCS3 and infection.