In addition to the effects of DM2 on individual brain aging in non-demented older adults, the study by Franke et al. (41) also explored the (additional) effects of lifestyle risk factors (i.e., smoking duration, alcohol intake), individual health marker (i.e., hypertension, TNFα), and common clinical outcomes (i.e., cognition, depression). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is depressive symptom measurement.