NOS3 and endothelial dysfunction: Lastly, other studies unveiled an association of endothelial dysfunction and PVAT in obese animals (Ketonen et al., 2010; Xia and Li, 2017; DeVallance et al., 2018), showing a potential adipose dysfunction of PVAT and a complex mechanism involving inflammation, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathways (Bailey-Downs et al., 2013; Xia et al., 2016).