An examination of the patient’s medical record could elucidate laboratory studies for serologic markers of celiac disease, the presence of a small bowel transplant operation and data regarding exposure to a medication from the ever-growing list of apoptosis inducing pharmacologic agents (e.g. mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors) [28]. Here, TNF is linked to celiac disease.