RTKN and colitis: For the enriched pathways, RHO GTPases Activate Rhotekin and Rhophilins pathway was associated with the development and progression of several solid malignancies including CRC [46, 47], Interleukin-21 signaling pathway was associated with the development of colitis-associated CRC [48] and Interleukin-2 family signaling pathway acts important role in current anti-tumor immunotherapy [49].