JUN and cancer: Prx 1 has been reported to exert its tumor- promoting function in numerous types of human cancer, and appears to be mediated through its interaction with several cancer-associated signal pathways, such as increasing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and activating c-Jun and AP-1, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the inhibition of E-cadherin and suppressing apoptosis through the inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 activity [16].