The most common somatic mutations are activating point mutations in the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (BRAF; 35–50% of melanomas) and neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog (NRAS; 10–25%), as well as loss-of-function mutations affecting neurofibromin 1 (NF1; ~15%) [8]. The gene discussed is NRAS; the disease is melanoma.