IFIH1 and viral infectious disease: During viral infection, the virus is recognized by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIGI) or melanoma differentiation gene 5 (MDA5), then INFs and proinflammatory cytokines are produced for initiation of the inherent antiviral immune response [31,32].