When comparing AL to non-AL, TNF-family members (sTNFR2, TNFSF14, sFasL, and sBAFF), cytokines/chemokines (IL8, CCL2, IL1RA/IL36, sIL6R), and growth factors (sAREG and CSF1) were present at higher levels in AL. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and axial length measurement.