CC50: 50% cytotoxicity concentration; DNDi: Drug for Neglected Diseaseinitiative; FCS: fetal calf serum; IC50: 50% inhibitoryconcentration; IL-10: interleukin-10; IL-6: interleukin-6; LPS:lipopolysaccharides; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NO: nitricoxide; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; VL: visceral leishmaniasis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is visceral leishmaniasis.