To evaluate the efficacy of MSC-TRAIL in inducing annexin V expression (an indicator of apoptosis and cell death) in CD133+ CSCs, both MSC-EV and MSC-TRAIL were co-cultured with the sorted (CD133+ and CD133−) and unsorted NSCLC cell lines (H460, H2170, and A549) at an NSCLC-cell-to-MSC ratio of 1:1 for 72 h (Figure 6). Here, ANXA5 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.