INS and autoimmune disease: Remarkably, in all autoimmune disease models, hAAT treatment significantly prevented tissue damage (reducing insulitis in NOD mice, joint destruction in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model, and nephritis in the Murphy Roths Large lymphoproliferative (MRL/lpr) mouse model of lupus) and reduced autoantibody levels, including insulin autoantibodies (IAA) in NOD mice, anti-collagen antibody in CIA mice, and antinuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-dsDNA antibodies in MRL/plr mice.