In chronic kidney disease (CKD), Masuda et al. (2013) reported that tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-eIF2α-ATF4-C/EBP homologous protein signaling part of the ER stress response, causing CKD-dependent vascular calcification [54]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and chronic kidney disease.