Further (second stage of the study), based on concentration differences reported between patients and controls in the first stage (based on p-value with FDR correction) and the available literature reports, 49 miRNAs were selected out of 752 hits and further measured in 178 individuals: (i) control (n = 118), (ii) ovarian cancer with no BRCA1/2 mutation (-/-) (n = 49) and (iii) ovarian cancer with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation (+/+) (n = 10). The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.